Kugeza ubu, urwego rw’umutekano rwo kumenya gufunga ubwenge rufite ahanini n’ikigo cya mbere cy’imbere mu gihugu cya minisiteri y’umutekano w’ibizamini, ikigo cya gatatu cy’ikigo cy’ibizamini cya minisiteri y’umutekano rusange n’inzego zimenyekanisha mu mahanga za UL, imiterere y’ibanze (nk'intara ya Zhejiang ifunga ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi). Muri byo, Minisiteri y’umutekano rusange Ikigo cy’ibizamini cya Beijing n’ikigo cy’ibizamini cya Shanghai.
Ku mishinga, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nishingiro ryizina ryumushinga no kwamamaza. Ubwiza n'imikorere yo gufunga umuryango wubwenge bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumutekano wumuryango wabantu, umutekano wumutungo, ibipimo bihuriweho, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, iterambere rirambye ryinganda zifunga ubwenge zifite uruhare runini. Kubwibyo, binyuze mubuyobozi bubishinzwe gutahura no gutanga ibyemezo, nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gusuzuma niba ubwiza bwo gufunga ubwenge bwujuje ibisabwa.
Nibihe bipimo byo kumenya ubwenge gufunga?
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byo mu rugo byubwenge bikubiyemo ahanini gusohora 2001 gusohora GA374-2001 ya elegitoroniki yo kurwanya ubujura; Yatanzwe muri 2007 “GA701-2007 igikumwe cyo kurwanya ubujura gufunga ibintu rusange bya tekiniki”; Na JG / T394-2012 Ibisabwa muri tekiniki rusange yo kubaka Intelligent Lock yasohotse muri 2012.
Ibipimo bibiri byambere bitangwa na minisiteri yumutekano rusange, kandi gufunga ubwenge bikoreshwa cyane mumiryango yumutekano, ibipimo bibiri byambere nibyo bikoreshwa cyane;
Mu myaka ibiri ishize hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya interineti, ikoranabuhanga ry’ifunga ry’imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’ibikorwa by’umusaruro byatejwe imbere cyane, kugira ngo bihuze n’iterambere ry’inganda zifunga ubwenge, “GA374-2001 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoroniki bwo kurwanya ubujura” na “GA701-2007 urutoki rwo kurwanya ubujura ibintu rusange bya tekiniki” birakorwa kandi biravugururwa.
Nibihe bikubiye mubintu byo gufunga ubwenge?
Kugeza ubu, urwego rw’umutekano rwo kumenya gufunga ubwenge rufite ahanini n’ikigo cya mbere cy’imbere mu gihugu cya minisiteri y’umutekano w’ibizamini, ikigo cya gatatu cy’ikigo cy’ibizamini cya minisiteri y’umutekano rusange n’inzego zimenyekanisha mu mahanga za UL, imiterere y’ibanze (nk'intara ya Zhejiang ifunga ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, n'ibindi). Muri byo, Minisiteri y’umutekano rusange Ikigo cy’ibizamini cya Beijing n’ikigo cy’ibizamini cya Shanghai.
Kugeza ubu, gutahura ibyingenzi n’ibintu, cyane cyane birimo imikorere y’amashanyarazi, imikorere y’umutekano wo kurwanya ubujura, kugenzura igihe kirekire, kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe, guhuza ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, guhuza amashanyarazi, guhuza amashanyarazi, ubwinshi bw’amashanyarazi n'ibindi.
Fata "GA374-2001 ya elegitoroniki yo kurwanya ubujura bwo gufunga" nk'urugero (kuri ubu ikoreshwa cyane, mugihe cyose ririmo kurwanya ubujura, cyane cyane mubikorwa byo murugo byashyizwe mubikorwa). Icya mbere ni abakoresha ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane ni ugukoresha ingufu zifunga ubwenge, bityo gufunga ubwenge nibintu byingenzi bigenzurwa ni "amabwiriza ya undervoltage", uhereye kubisabwa bisanzwe, mugihe cyose binyuze mugutahura ibifunga byubwenge, gusimbuza bateri bishobora gukoreshwa mumezi arenga atandatu, byibuze ubu, urwego rwinganda nugufunga ubwenge cyane rwose rushobora gukoreshwa mumezi arenga icumi.
Ihohoterwa rifunguye naryo ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumutekano wo gufunga ubwenge, bityo "lock shell strength" nayo igomba kugenzura umushinga, "GA374-2001 electronique anti-ubujura bwo gufunga" ibisabwa, igikonoshwa kigomba kugira imbaraga zumukanishi no gukomera, birashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko wa 110N hamwe nikizamini cya 2.65J;
Usibye gufunga igikonoshwa, imbaraga zururimi rufunga nazo zigira uruhare runini mukurinda ihohoterwa ridafungura, kubyerekeye ibisabwa bya tekiniki bijyanye.
Usibye ihohoterwa, abantu bitondera cyane imikorere yo kurwanya ikoranabuhanga. "GA374-2001 ikoreshwa rya elegitoroniki irwanya ubujura" ibisabwa, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa tekinike yabigize umwuga kugirango ishyire mu bikorwa tekinike ifunguye, Icyiciro cya elegitoroniki cyo kurwanya ubujura ntigishobora gufungurwa mu minota 5, B icyiciro cya elegitoroniki cyo kurwanya ubujura ntigishobora gufungurwa mu minota 10 (.
Impuruza zo kurwanya ibyangiritse nazo ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byerekana ubwenge bwo gufunga ubwenge, “GA374-2001 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoroniki bwo kurwanya ubujura bukoreshwa”, igihe ibintu bitatu bikurikiranye bikurikirana ibikorwa bitari byo, gufunga ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigomba kuba bishobora gutanga amajwi / urumuri rwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, iyo hejuru y’uburinzi bwangijwe n’ingufu zituruka hanze, kimwe no gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso (reba hano hepfo).
Mubyongeyeho, ubwinshi bwingenzi, gusohora electrostatike, ubudahangarwa, gucana umuriro, ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga zibice byintoki nabyo nibyingenzi byingenzi byo gutahura no kugenzura ubwenge.
Nubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura gufunga ubwenge?
Kugeza ubu, kugenzura no kwipimisha bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: ubugenzuzi bwakozwe, kugenzura ubwoko no gukora ikizamini cyo hasi. Igenzura ryashinzwe ni ukwereka uruganda kugenzura no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bitanga, bigurisha kuriwo, guha urwego rwubugenzuzi rufite ibyangombwa byubugenzuzi byemewe n'amategeko gukora igenzura. Ishirahamwe rishinzwe ubugenzuzi rigenzura ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe ibisanzwe cyangwa amasezerano y’amasezerano, kandi bigaha umukiriya raporo y’ubugenzuzi. Mubisanzwe, ibisubizo byubugenzuzi bishinzwe gusa icyitegererezo kiza.
Ubwoko bwigenzura nugusuzuma ibicuruzwa bimwe cyangwa byinshi byerekana ibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe igenzura. Muri iki gihe, ingano y’icyitegererezo gisabwa kugira ngo igenzurwe igenwa n’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge n’ubuhanga cyangwa ibigo by’ubugenzuzi kandi ingero zifunze zapimwe aho hantu. Imbuga zicyitegererezo zatoranijwe kubicuruzwa byanyuma byinganda zikora. Ahantu hagenzurwa hazaba ikigo cyigenga cyemewe. Igenzura ryubwoko rikoreshwa cyane cyane kurangiza burundu isuzuma ryibicuruzwa no gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byose byujuje ubuziranenge bwibigo kugirango byuzuze ibipimo ngenderwaho nibisabwa mu rubanza.
Niba bashinzwe ubugenzuzi, imishinga ifunga ubwenge mubigo byatoranijwe (nka kimwe cyangwa bitatu), mubigo bishinzwe ibizamini cyangwa bashinzwe kugenzura protocole yibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike (reba imbonerahamwe), hanyuma wuzuze izina ryumushinga, icyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa nibindi bisobanuro bifitanye isano, nyuma yicyitegererezo cyanyuma cya Courier cyangwa cyoherejwe mubigo byubugenzuzi, kwishyura gutegereza ibisubizo.
Niba ari ubugenzuzi bwubwoko, birakenewe kandi kuzuza "Amasezerano yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki", hanyuma ukuzuza "Ifishi yo gusaba Ubwoko", hanyuma ikigo cyipimisha kizakora icyitegererezo no gufunga ibicuruzwa.
Icyemezo cyo gufunga umuryango wubwenge
Kwemeza ni uburyo bwo kwishingira inguzanyo. Dukurikije ibisobanuro by’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) na komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi (IEC), bivuga ibikorwa byo gusuzuma ihuza ry’ibicuruzwa, serivisi n’imicungire y’umuryango bigaragazwa n’urwego rwemewe n’igihugu rwemeza ko rwujuje ubuziranenge, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki (TS) cyangwa ibisabwa byateganijwe.
Icyemezo ukurikije impamyabumenyi isabwa kigabanijwemo ibyemezo byubushake no gutanga ibyemezo byubwoko bubiri, kubushake nishyirahamwe ukurikije ishyirahamwe ubwaryo cyangwa abakiriya baryo, impande zijyanye nibisabwa kubushake bwo gusaba kubushake. Harimo ibigo bitashyizwe mubitabo byemewe bya CCC kubicuruzwa bisabwa.
Icyemezo cya GA kirakoreshwa ku kimenyetso cy’ibicuruzwa by’umutekano by’Ubushinwa bikoreshwa n’ibicuruzwa byemejwe n’ikigo cy’ubumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga kirinda umutekano mu Bushinwa.
Mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2007, ikigo cy’ubushinwa gishinzwe kurinda umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa cyatangiye gutegura ibyemezo, ibipimo, ibizamini n’izindi mpuguke kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwo gutanga ibyemezo ku bushake ku bice by’umutekano bikoreshwa bikoreshwa mu gufunga kurwanya ubujura. Mu mpera z'Ugushyingo 2008, gushyiraho “ibicuruzwa bikingira ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda umutekano ku bushake amategeko yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemezo byo kurwanya ubujura” (umushinga) n'ishami rishinzwe imicungire y'inganda, ibizamini, ibipimo, ibigo ndetse n'ikigo gishinzwe kwemeza ikoranabuhanga mu kurinda umutekano mu Bushinwa ndetse n'indi mashami y'impuguke n'abakozi ba tekiniki bigizwe n'itsinda ryihariye ry’itsinda ry’imirimo, byemejwe ku mugaragaro na Biro y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga Kumenyekanisha Minisiteri y’umutekano wa Leta ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2009.
Byumvikane ko imurikagurisha ry’ikigo cy’umutekano cyo gukumira ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano mu Bushinwa ryerekana ibyemezo bya elegitoroniki birwanya ubujura bwa GA, ryakoreshejwe na Minisiteri y’umutekano rusange ryatangaje GA374 “inganda zirwanya ubujura”. Ubushakashatsi n’ibicuruzwa bikurikije amahame yo gufunga umuryango w’ubwenge, kwizerwa byizewe, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, n’ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano mu Bushinwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda ibyemezo by’ikigo ndetse n’ikigo cya mbere cy’ubushakashatsi cya Minisiteri y’umutekano cya Leta cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ikigo cy’ibizamini by’umutekano kugenzura ubugenzuzi bw’ubujura bw’ubujura “gufunga umuryango w’ubwenge”, ntabwo bwagaragaye muri raporo yisanzuye.
Kubwibyo, birashobora kugaragara ko ibibazo biboneka mumuryango wubwenge byubwenge bishobora gukumirwa mugushimangira uburyo bwimikorere yubuziranenge, gutahura no kwemeza. Ibi bivuze kandi ko kugirango uzamure ibipimo byibicuruzwa, urebe neza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, uyobore abakoresha mugugura inzugi zumuryango zubwenge guhitamo no kugura ibicuruzwa bifite ikimenyetso cya GA ni ngombwa cyane.
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza iterambere rishya ry’ifunga ry’ubwenge, nk'uko bivugwa n’umuntu ubishinzwe, abayobozi b’inganda bariho ubu bashinzwe imitunganyirize ya komite ishinzwe umutekano, ikigo cyemeza ibyemezo, ikigo cy’ibizamini n’ibindi bice hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi n’isesengura, kuri coil ya Tesla “agasanduku gato k'umukara” ikibazo cyo gufunga umuryango w’ubwenge cyasabye ingamba zo guhangana. Bitewe no kuzuza umutekano wavuguruwe wo kurwanya ubujura (GB10409) hamwe n’ibipimo bya elegitoroniki byo kurwanya ubujura (GA374), kugira ngo hifashishijwe uburyo bwa elegitoroniki bwo kurwanya ubujura hifashishijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga byazamuwe mu rwego rwo hejuru bisabwa kugira ngo umutekano wiyongere, ibiro bya minisiteri y’umutekano wa rubanda bizashyirwa ahagaragara kugira ngo byemererwe inzira zombi zubahirizwa, kugira ngo hakorwe ikizamini cya elegitoroniki cy’ubujura. Byongeye kandi, bizashimangira kandi kumenyekanisha no gushyira mu bikorwa igipimo cya “Electronic Anti-ubujura Lock”, cyane cyane imirimo yo gutanga ibyemezo bya GA, kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bw’ifunga rya elegitoroniki rirwanya ubujura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-23-2021
